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Deruvian
Deruvian (), also known by several other names including Damian, was a possibly legendary 2nd-century bishop and saint, said to have been sent by the pope to answer King Lucius's request for baptism and conversion to Christianity. Together with his companion St Fagan, he was sometimes reckoned as the apostle of Britain. King Lucius's letter (in most accounts, to Pope Eleutherius) may represent earlier traditions but does not appear in surviving sources before the 6th century; the names of the bishops sent to him does not appear in sources older than the early 12th century, when their story was used to support the independence of the bishops of St Davids in Wales and the antiquity of the Glastonbury Abbey in England. The story became widely known following its appearance in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical ''History of the Kings of Britain''. This was influential for centuries and its account of SS Fagan and Deruvian was used during the English Reformation to support the claims of both the Catholics and Protestants. Geoffrey's account is now considered wholly implausible, but Christianity was well-established in Roman Britain by the third century. Some scholars therefore argue the stories preserve a more modest account of the conversion of a Romano-British chieftain, possibly by Roman emissaries by these names.
Probably mistakenly, Deruvian's story has been given to the obscure St Dyfan thought to have been the namesake of Merthyr Dyfan and Llandyfan. His feast day does not appear in any medieval Welsh calendar of the saints and is not presently observed by the Anglican, Catholic, or Orthodox churches in Wales.
==Name==
Deruvian's name is also cited as "Duvian" (''Duvianus'')〔〔 or "Dwywan"〔 and, owing to scribal error, also appears in modern saints' lists as "Damian" (''Damianus'').〔Giraldus Cambrensis (of Wales ). ''Descriptio Cambriae'' (of Wales'' ), Vol. I, Ch. xviii. 1194. 〕〔Gerald of Wales. Translated by W. Llewelyn Williams as (''The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales by Geraldus Cambrensis'', Vol. I, Ch. XVIII, p. 185 ). J.M. Dent & Co. (London), 1908.〕 Bishop Ussher lists numerous other variants and misspellings,〔Jacobus Usserius (Ussher ). ''Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates, Quibus Inserta Est Pestiferæ Adversus Dei Gratiam a Pelagio Britanno in Ecclesiam Inductæ Hæreseos Historia'' (of the Britannic Churches, into Which Is Inserted a History of the Pestilent Heretics Introduced against the Grace of God by Pelagius the Briton into the Church'' ), Ch. IV. (Dublin), 1639. Reprinted in (''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D. D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland'', Vol. V, pp. 74 f. ) Hodges, Smith, & Co. (Dublin), 1864. 〕 although Deruvian's identification with St Dyfan, the presumed namesake of Merthyr Dyfan in Wales, seems to have been introduced by the noted forger Edward Williams and is generally disregarded.〔Bartrum, Peter C. ("Duvianus (1)", in ''A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A. D. 1000'', p. 236. ) National Library of Wales, 1993. Emended 2009.〕
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